Wells

Wells, England's smallest city, offers a captivating journey into medieval history and serene landscapes. Named for the natural springs that still bubble within the Bishop's Palace gardens and market square, this Somerset city is dominated by its magnificent 13th-century cathedral.

With ancient buildings and a tranquil atmosphere, Wells provides a quintessential English experience. It has even served as a filming location for productions like "Hot Fuzz," "Dungeons and Dragons," and "Wolf Hall," a testament to its preserved historic character.

Despite its compact size, Wells holds a significant historical legacy, offering a peaceful retreat from larger urban centers.

## From Roman Settlement to Cathedral City Wells' origins trace back to a Roman settlement, established around the natural springs that gave the city its name. These springs, dedicated to Saint Andrew, were considered sacred and have been a focal point of spiritual interest for millennia.

By the 8th century, Wells had grown in importance, with King Ine of Wessex founding a minster church in 704. In 909, it became the seat of a newly formed bishopric. However, the bishop's seat was moved to Bath in 1090, leading to a long-standing dispute between the canons of Wells and the monks of Bath. This was resolved in 1245 when the bishopric was renamed the Diocese of Bath and Wells, with both religious houses having a say in the bishop's election.

The construction of the present Wells Cathedral began around 1175, marking it as one of the first English cathedrals built entirely in the new Gothic style. Its completion in 1306 solidified Wells' status as a city, a designation it has held since medieval times due to the presence of its cathedral.

Wells was once a significant center for cloth-making, though this industry declined in the 16th and 17th centuries. The city then shifted its focus to its market, becoming home to the largest cheese market in western England during the 19th century. The city also played a role in historical conflicts, including the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion, during which the cathedral itself suffered damage.

Today, Wells is recognized as England's smallest city by population, and the second smallest by area after the City of London. Its history is evident in its well-preserved medieval architecture, drawing visitors to explore its ancient streets and iconic buildings.

Begin your exploration at Wells Cathedral, an architectural marvel showcasing early English Gothic style. Admire its West Front, adorned with nearly 300 original medieval sculptures, and step inside to witness the unique 'scissor arches' that support the central tower. Do not miss the intricate astronomical clock, one of the oldest working mechanical clocks in the world.

Adjacent to the Cathedral lies Vicars' Close, reputedly the oldest continuously inhabited residential street in Europe. Its 14th-century terraced houses, still used for their original purpose by the Vicars Choral, offer a glimpse into medieval life.

Just a short walk from the Cathedral is The Bishop's Palace and Gardens, a fortified medieval palace surrounded by a tranquil moat. Explore the 14 acres of gardens, including the well pools from which the city derives its name, and keep an eye out for the famous bell-ringing swans.

Wander through the Market Place, where traditional markets are held on Wednesdays and Saturdays, offering local produce and crafts. For a different perspective, visit St Cuthbert's Church, a magnificent medieval building with a tall stone tower and a special painted ceiling.

Wells is a charming destination year-round, with each season offering a distinct experience. Spring (March to May) brings mild temperatures and blooming gardens, creating a peaceful atmosphere. Summer (June to August) is ideal for warm, sunny days and outdoor exploration, though it is also the busiest period. Autumn offers quieter visits with colorful foliage, perfect for countryside walks. Winter provides a cozy, atmospheric character, especially around Christmas markets.

To avoid crowds, consider visiting on weekdays rather than weekends. For general outdoor activities, late June to early September is recommended, with a peak in late July.

Wells is easily navigable on foot, as its city center is compact and most attractions are within a short walking distance. Comfortable shoes are advisable due to some uneven historic streets.

While Wells does not have its own train station, it is well-connected by regular bus services to nearby train stations like Bath Spa and Castle Cary. If you plan to explore the wider Somerset area, hiring a car offers the most flexibility, as public transport can be limited outside the city.

Several car parks are available in and around the city center, including long-stay options. Note that the Market Place car park is not available on Wednesdays or Saturdays due to market days. The city's Tourist Information Centre, located in the Town Hall in the Market Square, can provide assistance with local walks and accommodation bookings.