Malines

Mechelen, also known by its French name Malines, is a city situated between Brussels and Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is a city that often goes unnoticed by international visitors, yet it offers a compelling blend of history, art, and unique character. The city is traversed by the River Dyle, earning it the nickname 'Dijlestad' or 'City on the Dyle.'

With its ancient streets and venerable buildings, Mechelen provides a more intimate and relaxed experience compared to its larger neighbors. It is a place where you can explore UNESCO-listed sites, stroll along canals, and delve into centuries of Flemish heritage without the bustling crowds.

From Romanesque Roots to Burgundian Grandeur

Mechelen's history stretches back to the early Middle Ages, initially forming part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. By the 15th century, the city came under the control of the Dukes of Burgundy, a period that ushered in significant prosperity. Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, designated Mechelen as his administrative center, establishing the Court of Accounts and the Parliament of the Burgundian Estates here.

The city reached its zenith of power and influence in the early 16th century when Margaret of Austria, twice Regent of the Low Countries, made Mechelen her permanent residence and seat of government. Her court transformed Mechelen into a hub of European politics, art, and culture, attracting prominent artists and scholars. During this time, the city was a significant center for artistic production in the Northern Renaissance.

Industrial Shifts and Wartime Shadows

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Mechelen's recovery and rebuilding were driven by its role as a trading center, becoming renowned for its lace, drapery, tapestry, and Baroque woodwork. The 19th century marked Mechelen's entry into the industrial age. In 1835, the first steam railway on the European continent connected Brussels with Mechelen, establishing the city as a crucial hub for the Belgian railway network. This led to the development of metalworking industries, including the central railway workshops that remain in the city today.

However, these railway connections also cast a dark shadow during World War II. The extensive railway infrastructure led Nazi occupation forces to establish a transit camp in Mechelen. From October 1941 to July 1944, over 25,000 Jews and Roma were tragically deported by rail from Mechelen to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. The Kazerne Dossin Memorial and Museum now stands as a poignant reminder of this period.

Begin your exploration in the Grote Markt, Mechelen's main square, framed by historic buildings and overlooked by the imposing St. Rumbold's Cathedral. Climb the 538 steps of St. Rumbold's Tower, a UNESCO World Heritage site, for wide-ranging views that, on a clear day, can stretch to Brussels and Antwerp. The tower also houses two carillons, and you can learn about its history in the various tower rooms.

Wander through the quiet lanes of the Great Beguinage, another UNESCO-listed site. This historic quarter, with its ancient streets and 17th-century houses, offers a glimpse into the lives of the Beguines. For a different perspective, take a stroll along the Dijle Path, a floating boardwalk that offers scenic views of the city's architecture reflected in the River Dyle. You can also explore the city by taking a boat trip along the canals.

Immerse yourself in Mechelen's past at the Hof van Busleyden Museum, a Renaissance palace dedicated to the city's Burgundian history and its Golden Age. For a somber but important experience, visit the Kazerne Dossin Memorial and Museum, which chronicles the Holocaust in Belgium. Do not miss the opportunity to visit Het Anker Brewery, a historic brewery that offers tours and tastings of its famous Gouden Carolus beer.

Mechelen is a captivating destination throughout the year. For warm-weather activities and festivals like Parkpop and Maanrock, visit from late June to early September. Spring, from April to June, offers mild temperatures and blooming flowers, ideal for walking tours. Autumn, from September to November, sees fewer tourists and crisp weather, perfect for exploring historical sites. Even winter has its appeal, with festive markets and cozy pubs, particularly around Christmas.

Mechelen is conveniently located between Brussels and Antwerp and is easily accessible by train, making it an ideal day trip or a longer weekend stay. The city center is compact and largely car-free between 11 AM and 6 PM, encouraging exploration on foot. For those arriving by car, several underground parking garages are available on the city's periphery. The local tourist office can provide maps and information on self-guided tours, including an 'eavesdropping route' for historical audio insights. Consider purchasing a city card for potential savings on attractions.