Corfou

Corfu, known as Kerkyra in Greek, is one of the Ionian Islands in western Greece, and the northernmost island on Greece's west coast. It is a place where layers of history are visible in the architecture, traditions, and everyday life. The island's strategic location at the crossroads of Mediterranean trade routes made it a prize for various conquerors over centuries, including Romans, Byzantines, Normans, Angevins, Venetians, French, Russians, and the British. This diverse past has shaped Corfu into a unique destination, distinct from many other Greek islands.

Corfu's capital, also named Corfu, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized for its strong Venetian urban and defensive character. The town is framed by two imposing fortresses—the Old and New Fortresses—making it the only city in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. Beyond the historical core, the island offers verdant landscapes, clear waters, and a relaxed atmosphere. It's a place where ancient myths intertwine with a cosmopolitan present, inviting visitors to explore its multifaceted identity.

A Succession of Conquests and Cultures

Corfu's history extends to ancient times, with archaeological findings indicating habitation since the Paleolithic Era. According to Greek mythology, it was the island of the Phaeacians, where Odysseus found sanctuary on his journey home. In historical times, the Corinthians established a settlement around 734 BC, and Corfu swiftly became a significant naval power alongside Athens and Corinth.

The island's strategic position in the Ionian Sea rendered it a coveted territory. It came under Roman rule from 229 BC to 337 AD, during which it maintained a degree of autonomy. Following the division of the Roman Empire, Corfu became part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, a period that saw the construction of many churches and monasteries. The medieval town developed within the area now occupied by the Old Fortress.

The most influential period of foreign rule was the four centuries under the Republic of Venice, from 1386 to 1797. The Venetians extensively fortified the island, transforming existing Byzantine defenses and constructing new bastions and towers, particularly after the Ottoman siege of 1537. These fortifications were crucial in repelling numerous Ottoman assaults, setting Corfu apart from much of mainland Greece, which fell under Ottoman control. The Venetian influence remains evident in the Old Town's architecture, with its neoclassical buildings and narrow, stone-paved passages known as kantounia.

After the fall of Venice, Corfu experienced a brief period of French rule under Napoleon, followed by a Russian protectorate, and then a return to French control. From 1815 to 1864, it was part of the United States of the Ionian Islands under British protectorate. The British also left their mark, notably with the sport of cricket, still played on Spianada Square. Finally, in 1864, Corfu was ceded to modern Greece, becoming an integral part of the newly independent nation.

Corfu Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, provides a wealth of sights. Begin at Spianada Square, one of the largest squares in Greece, where you can observe cricket matches, a legacy of British rule, or unwind at a café along the Liston arcade, inspired by Paris's Rue de Rivoli. Dominating the eastern side of the town is the Old Fortress, a Venetian marvel of military engineering with Byzantine origins, offering expansive views. On the western side, the New Fortress, also Venetian, provides further historical insight and impressive vistas of the old port.

Within the winding kantounia (narrow streets) of the Old Town, discover the Saint Spyridon Church, dedicated to the island's patron saint. Its soaring bell tower is the highest in the Ionian Islands, and the church houses the saint's relics in a silver casket. Nearby, the Palace of Saint Michael and Saint George on the northern side of the Esplanade now houses the Museum of Asian Art. For a glimpse into royal history, visit the Achilleion Palace, constructed for Empress Elisabeth of Austria, or the Mon Repos Palace, where Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was born.

Corfu experiences a Mediterranean climate, making it a destination for all seasons. The most favorable times to visit are late spring (May to mid-June) or early autumn (September to early October). During these shoulder seasons, the weather is warm and pleasant, ideal for exploring, swimming, and walking, with fewer visitors than the busiest summer months. Summer (June to August) is hot and lively, perfect for beach activities, though it is the most crowded period. Spring brings blooming landscapes and cultural events like Orthodox Easter, known for its distinctive traditions. Winters are milder and quieter, offering an opportunity to experience the island's authentic local life.

The official currency in Corfu, as in all of Greece, is the Euro (€). ATMs are widely available, especially in cities and larger towns, but be aware that most charge a fee for withdrawals. While credit cards are accepted in many places, cash is still preferred for smaller purchases and in some tavernas.

Tap water in Corfu is generally considered safe to drink, particularly in towns and tourist areas, though some visitors prefer bottled water due to its high mineral content or taste. Bottled water is widely available and inexpensive.

Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. In restaurants, a tip of 5-10% or rounding up the bill is customary for good service. For exceptional service, 10-15% is appropriate. Taxi drivers appreciate rounded-up fares. When visiting religious sites, dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. Basic Greek phrases like "Kalimera" (Good morning) and "Efharisto" (Thank you) are always appreciated.